Orientation is the patient’s ability to describe the time, place, person and situation.  It is highly integrated throughout the cortex, as are most of the cognitive functions tested in this portion of the MSE.  The six general areas of the brain listed below link to associated cognitive assessments.  In all of the categories, a patient’s correct responses suggest adequate functioning of that area, but incorrect responses cannot confirm pathology in that area.  Other factors, such as pain, cultural/educational background and sensory deficits, may affect a patient's ability to perform the task.