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Photo of  Carolyn R. Smith, PhD, RN

Carolyn R. Smith, PhD, RN

Assoc Dean

Associate Professor

Education/Credentials
  • PhD: University of Cincinnati (Nursing Research)
  • MSN: Indiana University (Community Health Nursing)
  • BSN: University of Cincinnati
Contact Information
Research Interests

Workplace Violence
Workplace Bullying
Worker Mental Health and Wellbeing
Technology-based Interventions
Violence Against Women (any form)
Teen Dating Violence
Active Learning Strategies

Peer Reviewed Publications

Alali, K., Lee, R. C., & Smith, C. R. 2023. Barriers and facilitators perceived by critical care nurses toward end-of-life care delivery in intensive care unit: An integrative review Journal of Clinical Nursing, ,

Alenezi, L., Gillespie, G. L., & Smith, C. R. 2023. An integrative review of transformational leadership style and burnout: Implications for nurse leaders International Healthcare Research Journal, 39 9, RV8-RB24

Bader, K. W., Smith, C. R., & Gillespie, G. L. 2023. Critical care nurses’ behaviors toward family presence during resuscitation: Integrative review Critical Care Nurse, ,

Güler, A., Bankston, K., & Smith, C. R. 2023. Self-esteem in the context of intimate partner violence: A concept analysis Nursing Forum, 57 6, 1484-1490

Güler, A., Lambert, J., Rojas-Guyler, L., Lee, R. C., & Smith, C. R. 2023. Feminist perspectives for understanding of modifiable risk factors in the help-seeking process for intimate partner violence: A mixed method study Journal of Mixed Methods Research, ,

Güler, A., Lee, R. C., Rojas-Guyler, L., Lambert, J. & Smith, C. R. 2023. The influences of sociocultural norms on women’s responses to IPV: An integrative review Nursing Inquiry, ,

Keller, E. G., Hittle, B. M., & Smith, C. R. 2023. Tiredness takes its toll: An integrative review on sleep and occupational outcomes for long-term care workers Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49 1, 27-33

Punches, B. E., Grubb, P., Gillespie, G. L., Clark, A. K., McMullan, J., & Smith, C. R. 2023. Substance use disorder and safety considerations for workplace violence in the ED Journal of Emergency Nursing, ,

Shidende, P., Bates, R., Lee, R. & Smith, C. R. 2023. Nurse-midwives' experiences of managing parental postpartum depression: A scoping review Journal of Advanced Nursing, ,

Small, T. F., Gillespie, G. L., Hutton, S., Davis, K. G., & Smith, C. R. 2023. Workplace violence prevalence and reporting in home health care: A cross-sectional study. Home Health Care Management & Practice, 31 5, 31-39

Smith, C. R., & Keller, E. G. 2023. “Interacting with the material differently”: A mixed methods study exploring nursing student engagement and satisfaction with a flipped classroom approach Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 13 8, 38-47

Smith, C. R., Keller, E. G., Hittle, B., & Brammer, S. 2023. “A nice app to get more information on taking care of yourself”: A multi-phase pilot study to develop a digitally-based health promotion intervention for long-term care workers Workplace Health & Safety, ,

Westman, J., Johnson, K. D., Smith, C. R., & Kelcey, B. 2023. The contributors to dosage calculation ability and its applicability to nursing education: An integrative review Journal of Professional Nursing, ,

Westman, J., Johnson, K. D., Smith, C. R., & Kelcey, B. 2023. New graduate registered nurses’ confidence in medication administration: the correlation with educational preparedness Journal of Nursing Education, ,

Westman, J., Johnson, K. D., Smith, C. R., & Kelcey, B. 2023. Perceived importance and confidence in new graduate registered nurses’ medication administration Applied Nursing Research, ,

Güler, A., Lambert, J., Rojas-Guyler, L., Lee, R. C., & Smith, C. R. 2022. Shared risk factors among women for intimate partner violence in the United States: A secondary analysis Violence Against Women, ,

Small, T. F., Smith, C. R., Hutton, S., Davis, K. G., & Gillespie, G. L. 2022. Workplace violence prevention training, safety resources, and commitment to HHCWs’ safety Workplace Health and Safety, 70 7, 325-331

Bennett, S. G., Smith, C. R., Pritchard, T. J., Vaughn, L. M., Gormley, D. K., & Bankston, K. J. 2021. Patient and family involvement in network-based learning health systems: a scoping review. Patient Education & Counseling, ,

Bennett, S. G., Vaughn, L. M., Smith, C. R., Pritchard, T. J., Gormley, D. K., & Bankston, K. J. 2021. Concept mapping with patients, parents, clinicians, and researchers to understand the perception of engagement and value in a learning network: A mixed methods study. Evaluation and Program Planning, ,

Johnson, K. D., Punches, B. E., & Smith, C. R. 2021. Perceptions of the essential components of triage: A qualitative analysis Journal of Emergency Nursing, 47 1, 192

Leslie, J., Smith, C. R., Schwytzer, D. J., Goodin, J., Little, M. K., Rota, M. C., & Glazer, G. 2020. Evaluation of a brief mindfulness strategy in the classroom: A feasibility study. International Journal of Nursing Education, 12 4, 68

Rutherford, D. E., Smith, C. R., Bressler, S., & Gillespie, G. L. 2020. Emotions and feelings evoked in nursing students exposed to bullying behaviors in clinical settings. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 10 11, 54

Rutherford, D. E., Smith, C. R., Bressler, S., Johnson, K. D., & Gillespie, G. L. 2020. Bullying behaviors in clinical settings: Potentially harmful distractions , ,

Smith, C. R., Palazzo, S. J., Grubb, P. L., & Gillespie, G. L 2020. Standing up against workplace bullying behavior: Recommendations from newly licensed nurses Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 10 7, 35

Stec, M., Smith, C., & Jacox, E. 2020. Technology enhanced teaching and learning: Exploration of faculty adaptation to iPad delivered curriculum. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 25 , 651

Gillespie, G. L., Fisher, B., Kennebeck, S., Smith, C., Griffith, D., Matern, A., Richey, L., Pendleton, J. C., Cubbage, C., & Martsolf, D. 2019. Leveraging a public health framework and community advisory board to innovate workplace violence intervention strategies Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 41 4, 357

Rutherford, D., Gillespie, G. L., & Smith, C. R. 2018. Interventions for Bullying of Nursing Students: An Integrative Review Nursing Forum, ,

Tehan, R. I., Smith, C. R., Draucker, C. B., & Martsolf, D. S. 2018. Use of a Systematic Consultation Process to Facilitate Research and Program Evaluation Projects: An Exemplar Clinical Nurse Specialist, 32 5, 249

Draucker, C. B., Smith, C., Mazurczyk, J., Thomas, D., Ramirez, P. McNealy, K., & Martsolf, D. S. 2016. Unique outcomes in the narratives of young adults who experienced dating violence as adolescents Journal of American Psychiatric Nurse Association., 22 2, 112-121

Miller, M. E., & Smith, C. R. 2016. Photovoice as a Tool to Enhance Mother/Daughter Communication about Girls’ Health Issues International Journal of Communication and Health., 8 , 22-33

Smith, C. R., & Gillespie, G. L. 2016. Do adolescent employees perceive the risks of workplace violence? A mixed methods study Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 6 7, 116-124

Smith, C. R., Gillespie, G. L., Brown, K., & Grubb, P. L. 2016. Nursing students’ experiences of bullying during clinical rotations Journal of Nursing Education, 55 9, 505-513

Smith, C. R., Martsolf, D. M., Draucker, C. B., Pritchard, T. J., Shambley-Ebron, D. Z., & Maler, J. 2016. Stimulating research interest and faculty career ambitions in undergraduate nursing students: The research-doctorate pipeline initiative Journal of Nursing Education, 55 3, 133-140

Smith, C. R., Gillespie, G. L., Beery, T. A, & Fisher, B. S. 2015. Adolescent Workers’ Experiences of and Training for Workplace Violence Workplace Health and Safety, 63 7, 297-307

Smith, C. R., Fisher, B. S., Gillespie, G. L., Beery, T. A., & Gates, D. M. 2013. Adolescents’ experience with workplace aggression: School health implications Journal of School Nursing, 29 6, 464-474

Gates, D., Gillespie, G., Smith, C., Rode, J., Kowalenko, T., & Smith, B. 2011. Using action research to plan a violence prevention program for emergency departments. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 37 1, 32-39

Abstract Publications

Güler, A., & Smith, C. R. 2020. NNVAWI abstracts - Self-Esteem in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV): A concept analysis. Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 7 , 29


Güler, A., & Smith, C. R. 2020. NNVAWI abstracts - The influences of psychosocial and cultural factors on women’s responses to intimate partner violence (IPV): An integrative review. Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 7 , 29


Smith, C. R., Gillespie, G. L., Brown, K., & Grubb, P. L. 2016. “Seeing students squirm”: Student nurses’ experiences of bullying during clinical rotations. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 38 10, 1397-1398


Beery, T. A., Smith, C. R., Kudel, I., & Knilans, T. 2009. Measuring sports participation decisional conflict in youth with cardiac pacemakers and/or ICDs. Heart Rhythm, 6 5S, S391