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Used to continuously measure heart rate, blood pressure, and home cage locomotor activity from undisturbed mice over long periods of time, thereby avoiding the confounds of handling stress. 

Used for obesity and diabetes studies, as well as testing various feeding paradigms (e.g., macronutrient selection, binge eating).

Used to measure reward value, sensitivity and taste preferences. 

Used for obesity, metabolism, exercise and motor ability studies. 

Used to measure of basic cognition/learning.

Used to measure motivation to obtain food reward.

Used to assess executive function (attention and impulsivity). 

Used to assess impulsive choice. 

Used to assess the negative effects of pharmacological agents. Often a choice test for initial preclinical testing, and a test of amygdala function.

Used to assess working memory (prefrontal cortex and hippocampal function).

Used to assess the effects of acute stress exposure on energy balance, metabolism and behavior.

Used to assess the effects of long-term exposure to stress on energy balance, metabolism and behavior.

Used to measure hormonal (e.g., ACTH, corticosterone, insulin) and metabolite (e.g., glucose, fatty acid) responses to stress. 

Used to assess anxiety-related behavior.

Used to assess anxiety-related behavior and/or general locomotor ability.

Used to assess depressive-like behavior.

Used to assess depressive-like behavior. 

Used to assess taste discrimination, anhedonia (a depressive-like behavior), and reward-related phenotypes. 

Adult mice will be anesthetized and secured in a stereotaxic instrument.  An appropriate sized brain cannula will be implanted into the brain area of interest and secured using glue and dental acrylic. Once acrylic is dried a dummy is screwed onto the cannula.  The cannula placement will allow experimental compound administration to a specific brain region.  Animals will recover to pre-surgical body weight (aprox. 3-7 days) before experimental compound is administered. 

Animals will be administered an experimental compound via the appropriate route (eg: IP, SQ, IM, Brain infusion, oral gavage).  This charge will also include preparing compounds into working solutions.