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Ralph J. Panos, MD

Chief of Medicine, Veterans Hospital

Education/Credentials
  • Chief Residency: Department of Medicine University of Maryland-Baltimore Veterans Administration Hospitals
  • Residency : Department of Medicine University of Maryland-Baltimore Veterans Administration Hospitals
  • Internship: Department of Medicine University of Maryland-Baltimore Veterans Administration Hospitals
  • Medical Degree: Brown University Program in Medicine
  • Bachelor's Degree : Brown University (Honors)
  • Fellowship : Department of Medicine University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (Pulmonary Sciences)
Board Certifications & Licenses

American Board of Internal Medicine (Certification Date: 1987-09-16)
American Board of Internal Medicine (Pulmonary Disease) (Certification Date: 1990-11-06) - (Recertification Date: 2010-10-12)

Contact Information
Research Interests

Interstitial Lung Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Clinical Interests

Lung Disease

Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Cough

Dyspnea

Hemoptysis

Histoplasmosis

Legionnaires' Disease (Legionellosis)

Pleurisy

Pneumonia

Respiration Disorders

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Respiratory Tract Disease

Respiratory Tract Infections

Shortness of Breath

Thoracic Disease

Tuberculosis

Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

Peer Reviewed Publications

Kaur, Dhamanpreet; Panos, Ralph J; Badawi, Omar; Bapat, Sanika S; Wang, Li; Gupta, Amar 2020. Evaluation of clinician interaction with alerts to enhance performance of the tele-critical care medical environment. International journal of medical informatics, 139 , 104165

Keller, Thomas; Spece, Laura J; Donovan, Lucas M; Udris, Edmunds; Coggeshall, Scott S; Griffith, Matthew; Bryant, Alexander D; Casaburi, Richard; Cooper, J Allen; Criner, Gerard J; Diaz, Philip T; Fuhlbrigge, Anne L; Gay, Steven E; Kanner, Richard E; Martinez, Fernando J; Panos, Ralph J; Shade, David; Sternberg, Alice; Stibolt, Thomas; Stoller, James K; Tonascia, James; Wise, Robert; Yusen, Roger D; Au, David H; Feemster, Laura C 2020. Association of Guideline-Recommended COPD Inhaler Regimens With Mortality, Respiratory Exacerbations, and Quality of Life: A Secondary Analysis of the Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial. Chest, 158 2, 529-538

Leitao Filho, Fernando Sergio; Mattman, Andre; Schellenberg, Robert; Criner, Gerard J; Woodruff, Prescott; Lazarus, Stephen C; Albert, Richard K; Connett, John; Han, Meilan K; Gay, Steven E; Martinez, Fernando J; Fuhlbrigge, Anne L; Stoller, James K; MacIntyre, Neil R; Casaburi, Richard; Diaz, Philip; Panos, Ralph J; Cooper, J Allen; Bailey, William C; LaFon, David C; Sciurba, Frank C; Kanner, Richard E; Yusen, Roger D; Au, David H; Pike, Kenneth C; Fan, Vincent S; Leung, Janice M; Man, Shu-Fan Paul; Aaron, Shawn D; Reed, Robert M; Sin, Don D 2020. Serum IgG Levels and Risk of COPD Hospitalization: A Pooled Meta-analysis. Chest, ,

Osterburg, Andrew R; Lach, Laura; Panos, Ralph J; Borchers, Michael T 2020. Unique natural killer cell subpopulations are associated with exacerbation risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Scientific reports, 10 1, 1238

Sengupta, Ruchira; Loftus, Timothy M; Doers, Matthew; Jandarov, Roman A; Phillips, Michael; Ko, Jonathan; Panos, Ralph J; Zafar, Muhammad A 2020. Resting Borg score as a predictor of safe discharge of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the emergency department observation unit. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, ,

Van Tiem, Jennifer M; Friberg, Julia E; Wilson, Jaime R; Fitzwater, Lynn; Blum, James M; Panos, Ralph J; Reisinger, Heather Schacht; Moeckli, Jane 2020. Utilized or Underutilized: A Qualitative Analysis of Building Coherence During Early Implementation of a Tele-Intensive Care Unit. Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association, ,

Zafar, Muhammad A; Loftus, Timothy M; Palmer, Jack P; Phillips, Michael; Ko, Jonathan; Ward, Steven R; Foertsch, Madeline; Dalhover, Amber; Doers, Matthew E; Mueller, Eric W; Alessandrini, Evaline A; Panos, Ralph J 2020. COPD Care Bundle in Emergency Department Observation Unit Reduces Emergency Department Revisits. Respiratory care, 65 1, 1-10

Dransfield, Mark T; Voelker, Helen; Bhatt, Surya P; Brenner, Keith; Casaburi, Richard; Come, Carolyn E; Cooper, J Allen D; Criner, Gerard J; Curtis, Jeffrey L; Han, MeiLan K; Hatipo?lu, Umur; Helgeson, Erika S; Jain, Vipul V; Kalhan, Ravi; Kaminsky, David; Kaner, Robert; Kunisaki, Ken M; Lambert, Allison A; Lammi, Matthew R; Lindberg, Sarah; Make, Barry J; Martinez, Fernando J; McEvoy, Charlene; Panos, Ralph J; Reed, Robert M; Scanlon, Paul D; Sciurba, Frank C; Smith, Anthony; Sriram, Peruvemba S; Stringer, William W; Weingarten, Jeremy A; Wells, J Michael; Westfall, Elizabeth; Lazarus, Stephen C; Connett, John E 2019. Metoprolol for the Prevention of Acute Exacerbations of COPD. The New England journal of medicine, 381 24, 2304-2314

Moy, Marilyn L; Harrington, Kathleen F; Sternberg, Alice L; Krishnan, Jerry A; Albert, Richard K; Au, David H; Casaburi, Richard; Criner, Gerard J; Diaz, Philip; Kanner, Richard E; Panos, Ralph J; Stibolt, Thomas; Stoller, James K; Tonascia, James; Yusen, Roger D; Tan, Ai-Yui M; Fuhlbrigge, Anne L 2019. Characteristics at the time of oxygen initiation associated with its adherence: Findings from the COPD Long-term Oxygen Treatment Trial. Respiratory medicine, 149 , 52-58

Panmanee, Warunya; Su, Shengchang; Schurr, Michael J; Lau, Gee W; Zhu, Xiaoting; Ren, Zhaowei; McDaniel, Cameron T; Lu, Long J; Ohman, Dennis E; Muruve, Daniel A; Panos, Ralph J; Yu, Hongwei D; Thompson, Thomas B; Tseng, Boo Shan; Hassett, Daniel J 2019. The anti-sigma factor MucA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Dramatic differences of a mucA22 vs. a ?mucA mutant in anaerobic acidified nitrite sensitivity of planktonic and biofilm bacteria in vitro and during chronic murine lung infection. PloS one, 14 6, e0216401

Zafar, Muhammad Ahsan; Nguyen, Brave; Gentene, Anthony; Ko, Jonathan; Otten, Lisa; Panos, Ralph J; Alessandrini, Evaline A 2019. Pragmatic Challenge of Sustainability: Long-Term Adherence to COPD Care Bundle Maintains Lower Readmission Rate. Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety, ,

Fenker, Daniel E; McDaniel, Cameron T; Panmanee, Warunya; Panos, Ralph J; Sorscher, Eric J; Sabusap, Carleen; Clancy, John P; Hassett, Daniel J 2018. A Comparison between Two Pathophysiologically Different yet Microbiologically Similar Lung Diseases: Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine, 5 2,

Fortis, Spyridon; Sarrazin, Mary V; Beck, Brice F; Panos, Ralph J; Reisinger, Heather S 2018. Response. Chest, 154 4, 988-989

Fortis, Spyridon; Sarrazin, Mary V; Beck, Brice F; Panos, Ralph J; Reisinger, Heather S 2018. ICU Telemedicine Reduces Interhospital ICU Transfers in the Veterans Health Administration. Chest, 154 1, 69-76

Osterburg, Andrew R; Lach, Laura; Panos, Ralph J; Borchers, Michael T 2018. Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cell Phenotypes Associated with Exacerbation Risk in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 15 Supplement_4, S288-S289

Panos, Ralph J 2018. Is It Time to "Go With the (High) Flow"? Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 15 4, 420-421

Mastrodicasa, Mark A; Droege, Christopher A; Mulhall, Aaron M; Ernst, Neil E; Panos, Ralph J; Zafar, Muhammad A 2017. Long acting muscarinic antagonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review of current and developing drugs. Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 26 2, 161-174

Mulhall, Aaron M; Zafar, Muhammad A; Record, Samantha; Channell, Herman; Panos, Ralph J 2017. A Tablet-Based Multimedia Education Tool Improves Provider and Subject Knowledge of Inhaler Use Techniques. Respiratory care, 62 2, 163-171

O'Shea, Amy M J; Vaughan Sarrazin, Mary; Nassar, Boulos; Cram, Peter; Johnson, Lynelle; Bonello, Robert; Panos, Ralph J; Reisinger, Heather S 2017. Using electronic medical record notes to measure ICU telemedicine utilization. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 24 5, 969-974

Zafar, Muhammad A; Mulhall, Aaron M; Eschenbacher, William; Kaul, Ajay; Benzaquen, Sadia; Panos, Ralph J 2017. Manometry Optimized Positive Expiratory Pressure (MOPEP) in Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse (EDAC). Respiratory medicine, 131 , 179-183

Zafar, Muhammad Ahsan; Panos, Ralph J; Ko, Jonathan; Otten, Lisa C; Gentene, Anthony; Guido, Maria; Clark, Katherine; Lee, Caroline; Robertson, Jamie; Alessandrini, Evaline A 2017. Reliable adherence to a COPD care bundle mitigates system-level failures and reduces COPD readmissions: a system redesign using improvement science. BMJ quality & safety, 26 11, 908-918

Sogbetun, Folarin; Eschenbacher, William L; Welge, Jeffrey A; Panos, Ralph J 2016. A comparison of five surveys that identify individuals at risk for airflow obstruction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory medicine, 120 , 1-9

Sogbetun, Folarin; Eschenbacher, Wlliam L; Welge, Jeffrey A; Panos, Ralph J 2016. Veterans Airflow Obstruction Screening Questionnaire: A Survey to Identify Veterans with Airflow Obstruction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.), 3 4, 705-715

Mulhall, Aaron M; Droege, Christopher A; Ernst, Neil E; Panos, Ralph J; Zafar, Muhammad A 2015. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review of current and developing drugs. Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 24 12, 1597-611

Hassett, Daniel J; Borchers, Michael T; Panos, Ralph J 2014. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): evaluation from clinical, immunological and bacterial pathogenesis perspectives. Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea), 52 3, 211-26

Major, Stephen; Moreno, Marcella; Shelton, John; Panos, Ralph J 2014. Veterans With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Achieve Clinically Relevant Improvements in Respiratory Health After Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention, ,

Zafar, Muhammad Ahsan; Droege, Christopher; Foertsch, Madeline; Panos, Ralph J 2014. Update on ultra-long-acting ? agonists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert opinion on investigational drugs, , 1-15

Darnell, Kyle; Dwivedi, Alok Kumar; Weng, Zhouyang; Panos, Ralph J 2013. Disproportionate utilization of healthcare resources among veterans with COPD: a retrospective analysis of factors associated with COPD healthcare cost. Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E, 11 , 13

Kingrey, John F; Panos, Ralph J; Ying, Jun; Meganathan, Karthikeyan; Vandivier, Robin; Elwing, Jean M 2013. Provider recognition and response to echocardiographic findings indicating pulmonary hypertension in the Veterans affairs medical center population. Pulmonary circulation, 3 2, 389-95

Mulhall, Aaron M; Lach, Laura A; Krzywkowski-Mohn, Sara M; Welge, Jeffrey A; Panos, Ralph J 2013. Therapeutic paralysis in veterans with COPD. Respiratory medicine, 107 10, 1547-57

Murphy, Daniel E; Panos, Ralph J 2013. Diagnosis of COPD and clinical course in patients with unrecognized airflow limitation. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 8 , 199-208

Panos, Ralph J 2013. Efficacy and safety of eco-friendly inhalers: focus on combination ipratropium bromide and albuterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 8 , 221-30

Panos, Ralph J; Krywkowski-Mohn, Sara M; Sherman, Susan N; Lach, Laura A 2013. Patient reported determinants of health: a qualitative analysis of veterans with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD, 10 3, 333-47

Zafar, Muhammad Ahsan; Tsuang, Wayne; Lach, Laura; Eschenbacher, William; Panos, Ralph J 2013. Dynamic hyperinflation correlates with exertional oxygen desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung, 191 2, 177-82

Gupta, Nishant; Aragaki, Alejandro; Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Kathryn A; Benzaquen, Sadia; Panos, Ralph J 2012. Occam's razor or Hickam's dictum? Journal of bronchology & interventional pulmonology, 19 3, 216-9

Samson, Pamela; Casey, Kenneth R; Knepler, James; Panos, Ralph J 2012. Clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and response to treatment of veterans with obstructive sleep apnea, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2005-2007. Preventing chronic disease, 9 , E46

Wortham, Brian W; Eppert, Bryan L; Motz, Greg T; Flury, Jennifer L; Orozco-Levi, Mauricio; Hoebe, Kasper; Panos, Ralph J; Maxfield, Melissa; Glasser, Stephan W; Senft, Albert P; Raulet, David H; Borchers, Michael T 2012. NKG2D mediates NK cell hyperresponsiveness and influenza-induced pathologies in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 188 9, 4468-75

Hagaman, Jared T; Panos, Ralph J; McCormack, Francis X; Thakar, Charuhas V; Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Kathryn A; Shipley, Ralph T; Kinder, Brent W 2011. Vitamin D deficiency and reduced lung function in connective tissue-associated interstitial lung diseases. Chest, 139 2, 353-60

Murphy, Daniel E; Chaudhry, Zeshan; Almoosa, Khalid F; Panos, Ralph J 2011. High prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among veterans in the urban midwest. Military medicine, 176 5, 552-60

Gordon, Joshiah; Panos, Ralph J 2010. Inhaled albuterol/salbutamol and ipratropium bromide and their combination in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 6 3, 381-92

Kinder, Brent W; Shariat, Cyrus; Collard, Harold R; Koth, Laura L; Wolters, Paul J; Golden, Jeffrey A; Panos, Ralph J; King, Talmadge E 2010. Undifferentiated connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: changes in lung function. Lung, 188 2, 143-9

Make, Barry; Krachman, Samuel; Panos, Ralph J; Doherty, Dennis E; Stoller, James K 2010. Oxygen therapy in advanced COPD: in whom does it work? Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine, 31 3, 334-42

Seaman, Joseph; Leonard, Anthony C; Panos, Ralph J 2010. Health care utilization history, GOLD guidelines, and respiratory medication prescriptions in patients with COPD. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 5 , 89-97

Stoller, James K; Panos, Ralph J; Krachman, Samuel; Doherty, Dennis E; Make, Barry 2010. Oxygen therapy for patients with COPD: current evidence and the long-term oxygen treatment trial. Chest, 138 1, 179-87

Almoosa, Khalid F; Goldenhar, Linda M; Panos, Ralph J 2009. Characteristics of discussions on cardiopulmonary resuscitation between physicians and surrogates of critically ill patients. Journal of critical care, 24 2, 280-7

Hagaman, Jared T; Rouan, Gregory W; Shipley, Ralph T; Panos, Ralph J 2009. Admission chest radiograph lacks sensitivity in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. The American journal of the medical sciences, 337 4, 236-40

Panos, Ralph J; Eschenbacher, William 2009. Exertional desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD, 6 6, 478-87

Elwing, Jean; Panos, Ralph J 2008. Pulmonary hypertension associated with COPD. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 3 1, 55-70

Young, Lisa R; Nogee, Lawrence M; Barnett, Bruce; Panos, Ralph J; Colby, Thomas V; Deutsch, Gail H 2008. Usual interstitial pneumonia in an adolescent with ABCA3 mutations. Chest, 134 1, 192-5

Gillis, P; Savla, U; Volpert, O V; Jimenez, B; Waters, C M; Panos, R J; Bouck, N P 1999. Keratinocyte growth factor induces angiogenesis and protects endothelial barrier function. Journal of cell science, 112 ( Pt 12) , 2049-57

Michelson, P H; Tigue, M; Panos, R J; Sporn, P H 1999. Keratinocyte growth factor stimulates bronchial epithelial cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The American journal of physiology, 277 4 Pt 1, L737-42

Haines, G K; Panos, R J; Bak, P M; Brown, T; Zielinski, M; Leyland, J; Radosevich, J A 1998. Interferon-responsive protein kinase (p68) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen are inversely distributed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine, 19 1, 52-9

Wu, K I; Pollack, N; Panos, R J; Sporn, P H; Kamp, D W 1998. Keratinocyte growth factor promotes alveolar epithelial cell DNA repair after H2O2 exposure. The American journal of physiology, 275 4 Pt 1, L780-7

Bak, P M; Panos, R J 1997. Protease antigen recovery decreases the specificity of bromodeoxyuridine detection in formalin-fixed tissue. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society, 45 8, 1165-70

Shen, B Q; Panos, R J; Hansen-Guzmán, K; Widdicombe, J H; Mrsny, R J 1997. Hepatocyte growth factor stimulates the differentiation of human tracheal epithelia in vitro. The American journal of physiology, 272 6 Pt 1, L1115-20

Sporn, P H; Lestrud, S O; Fries, F P; Panos, R J 1997. Keratinocyte growth factor increases LTC4 synthesis and expression of flap in cultured rat alveolar type II cells. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 433 , 395-8

Takeoka, M; Sakai, A; Ueda, G; Ge, R L; Ishizaki, T; Panos, R J; Taniguchi, S 1997. Dibutyryl cAMP inhibits endotoxin-induced increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and fluid filtration coefficient in the perfused rat lung. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 183 4, 273-84

Takeoka, M; Ward, W F; Pollack, H; Kamp, D W; Panos, R J 1997. KGF facilitates repair of radiation-induced DNA damage in alveolar epithelial cells. The American journal of physiology, 272 6 Pt 1, L1174-80

Waters, C M; Savla, U; Panos, R J 1997. KGF prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced increases in airway epithelial cell permeability. The American journal of physiology, 272 4 Pt 1, L681-9

Koch, A E; Halloran, M M; Hosaka, S; Shah, M R; Haskell, C J; Baker, S K; Panos, R J; Haines, G K; Bennett, G L; Pope, R M; Ferrara, N 1996. Hepatocyte growth factor. A cytokine mediating endothelial migration in inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis and rheumatism, 39 9, 1566-75

Panos, R J; Baker, S K 1996. Mediators, cytokines, and growth factors in liver-lung interactions. Clinics in chest medicine, 17 1, 151-69

Panos, R J; Patel, R; Bak, P M 1996. Intratracheal administration of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor stimulates rat alveolar type II cell proliferation in vivo. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 15 5, 574-81

Takeoka, M; Sakai, A; Ueda, G; Ge, R L; Panos, R J; Taniguchi, S 1996. Influence of hypoxia and pulmonary air embolism on lung injury in perfused rat lungs. Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases, 63 6, 346-51

Zamora, M R; Stelzner, T J; Webb, S; Panos, R J; Ruff, L J; Dempsey, E C 1996. Overexpression of endothelin-1 and enhanced growth of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from fawn-hooded rats. The American journal of physiology, 270 1 Pt 1, L101-9

Panos, R J; Bak, P M; Simonet, W S; Rubin, J S; Smith, L J 1995. Intratracheal instillation of keratinocyte growth factor decreases hyperoxia-induced mortality in rats. The Journal of clinical investigation, 96 4, 2026-33

Panos, R J 1994. Therapy and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Comprehensive therapy, 20 5, 289-93

Panos, R J; Rubin, J S; Csaky, K G; Aaronson, S A; Mason, R J 1993. Keratinocyte growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor are heparin-binding growth factors for alveolar type II cells in fibroblast-conditioned medium. The Journal of clinical investigation, 92 2, 969-77

Panos, R J; Voelkel, N F; Cott, G R; Mason, R J; Westcott, J Y 1992. Alterations in eicosanoid production by rat alveolar type II cells isolated after silica-induced lung injury. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 6 4, 430-8

Panos, R J; Mason, R J 1991. Hypertrophic alveolar type II cells isolated after silica-induced lung injury are progressing through the cell cycle and maintain a commitment to DNA synthesis in primary culture. Chest, 99 3 Suppl, 27S-28S

Suwabe, A; Panos, R J; Voelker, D R 1991. Alveolar type II cells isolated after silica-induced lung injury in rats have increased surfactant protein A (SP-A) receptor activity. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 4 3, 264-72

Panos, R J; Mortenson, R L; Niccoli, S A; King, T E 1990. Clinical deterioration in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: causes and assessment. The American journal of medicine, 88 4, 396-404

Panos, R J; Suwabe, A; Leslie, C C; Mason, R J 1990. Hypertrophic alveolar type II cells from silica-treated rats are committed to DNA synthesis in vitro. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 3 1, 51-9

Panos, R J; Chang, S W 1989. Diagnosis of pulmonary hamartoma by bronchoscopic transbronchial biopsy. Journal of the National Medical Association, 81 4, 460-3

Panos, R J; Kumpe, D A; Samara, N; Petty, T L 1989. Recurrent cryptogenic hemoptysis associated with bronchial artery-pulmonary artery anastomoses and cystic lung disease. The American journal of medicine, 87 6, 683-6

Panos, R J; Barr, L F; Walsh, T J; Silverman, H J 1988. Factors associated with fatal hemoptysis in cancer patients. Chest, 94 5, 1008-13

Panos, R J; Sutton, F J; Young-Hyman, P; Peters, R 1988. Sudden death associated with alcohol consumption. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 11 4, 423-4

Panos, R J; Tso, E; Barish, R A; Browne, B J 1986. Esophageal spasm following propranolol overdose relieved by glucagon. The American journal of emergency medicine, 4 3, 227-8

Panos, R J 1966. Letters to the editor. Science (New York, N.Y.), 152 3726, 1177-8

Behnia, R; Molteni, A; Waters, C M; Panos, R J; Ward, W F; Schnaper, H W; TS'Ao, C H . Early markers of ventilator-induced lung injury in rats. Annals of clinical and laboratory science, 26 5, 437-50

El Khoury, Marc Y; Panos, Ralph J; Ying, Jun; Almoosa, Khalid F . Value of the PaO?:FiO? ratio and Rapid Shallow Breathing Index in predicting successful extubation in hypoxemic respiratory failure. Heart & lung : the journal of critical care, 39 6, 529-36

Fuller, Leah; Conrad, Wayne F; Heaton, Pamela C; Panos, Ralph; Eschenbacher, William; Frede, Stacey M . Pharmacist-managed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening in a community setting. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA, 52 5, e59-66

Kamp, D W; Israbian, V A; Yeldandi, A V; Panos, R J; Graceffa, P; Weitzman, S A . Phytic acid, an iron chelator, attenuates pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in rats after intratracheal instillation of asbestos. Toxicologic pathology, 23 6, 689-95

Panos, R J; Barish, R A; Whye, D W; Groleau, G . The electrocardiographic manifestations of pulmonary embolism. The Journal of emergency medicine, 6 4, 301-7